解决Conda下“ImportError: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory”错误
在 Conda 环境中，通过以下命令安装 paddlepaddle：
conda install paddlepaddle-gpu=2.4.2 cudatoolkit=11.6 -c conda-forge -c Paddle
安装好后，执行 Python 脚本import paddle会出现以下错误：
Python 3.9.16 (main, Mar 8 2023, 14:00:05)
[GCC 11.2.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import paddle
Error: Can not import paddle core while this file exists: /home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/libpaddle.so
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/__init__.py", line 25, in <module>
from .framework import monkey_patch_variable
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/framework/__init__.py", line 17, in <module>
from . import random # noqa: F401
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/framework/random.py", line 16, in <module>
import paddle.fluid as fluid
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
from . import framework
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/framework.py", line 37, in <module>
from . import core
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/core.py", line 338, in <module>
raise e
File "/home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/core.py", line 274, in <module>
from . import libpaddle
ImportError: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
这个问题在 2.4.0 版本下就已经有人报了“Paddle 2.4.0 版本 fluid/core.py 文件 import libpaddle 出错”，但到现在 2.4.2 还未解决。
原因是libpaddle.so的RPATH设置的不对。
$ patchelf --print-rpath /home/xxx/.conda/envs/paddle/lib/python3.9/site-packages/paddle/fluid/libpaddle.so $ORIGIN/../libs/
根据Conda官方文档，RPATH里应该有$ORIGIN/../lib/才对。直接给libpaddle.so添加上是不行的，因为RPATH的字符长度是在编译是就设定好了，除了重新编译没有其他工具提供直接修改的能力。
可以通过 Conda 提供的自定义环境变量功能来修改 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 来解决上述问题。
切换到需要修改的 Conda 环境，并执行以下命令：
cd $CONDA_PREFIX mkdir -p ./etc/conda/activate.d mkdir -p ./etc/conda/deactivate.d touch ./etc/conda/activate.d/env_vars.sh touch ./etc/conda/deactivate.d/env_vars.sh
编辑./etc/conda/activate.d/env_vars.sh内容为：
export CONDA_PREV_LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CONDA_PREFIX/lib/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
编辑./etc/conda/deactivate.d/env_vars.sh内容为：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$CONDA_LD_LIBRARY_PATH unset CONDA_LD_LIBRARY_PATH
通过上述设置后，再进 Conda 环境就不会再出上述错误。
